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Sains Malaysiana 53(8)(2024): 1913-1924
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5308-15
Kandungan Fitokimia, Aktiviti Antioksidan,
Antihiperglisemia dan Antikegemukan Ekstrak Daun Annona muricata dengan
Kekutuban Berbeza (Phytochemical Content,
Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic, and Antiobesity Activities of Annona
muricata Leaf Extract with Different Polarities)
CHENG AI NEE1, NAJIHAH HASSAN NOORHADI1,
NOOR-SOFFALINA SOFIAN-SENG1,2, AHMED MEDIANI3, SENG
JOE LIM1,2
1Department
of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Innovation
Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Institute
of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 3 Oktober 2023/Diterima:
13 Jun 2024
Abstrak
Annona muricata atau durian belanda adalah sejenis tumbuhan yang berada
daripada famili Annonaceae, sering digunakan sebagai ubat tradisi untuk
merawat pelbagai penyakit termasuk kanser, artritis dan malaria. Tumbuhan herba ini mengandungi sebatian bioaktif yang
berpolar dan tidak berpolar. Penggunaan
pelarut yang sesuai amat penting untuk mengekstrak sebatian bioaktif yang
diinginkan dan juga mempengaruhi bioaktiviti ekstrak tersebut. Oleh itu,
penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan pengekstrakan menggunakan
pelarut berbeza polariti iaitu 70% metanol, etil asetat dan n-heksana terhadap
aktiviti antioksidan, anti-lipase serta perencatan α-glukosidase ekstrak A. muricata. Selain itu, sebatian
bioaktif yang menyumbang kepada bioaktiviti yang dikaji dikenal pasti
menggunakan kromatografi cecair-spektrometer jisim (LC-MS). Dalam kajian ini,
penentuan jumlah kandungan fenolik dalam ekstrak daun A. muricata dilakukan. Aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak daun A. muricata dinilai dengan ujian
penyingkiran radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) manakala
aktiviti antihiperglisemik dan aktiviti anti-lipase dikaji dengan ujian
perencatan α-glukosidase dan ujian perencatan lipase pankreas. Sampel
yang diekstrak dengan etil asetat menunjukkan nilai IC50 terendah
secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada aktiviti antioksidan (35.31 ± 2.74 µg/mL),
aktiviti anti-hiperglisemik (32.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL) serta anti-lipase (215.92 ±
13.25 µg/mL) berbanding dengan ekstrak 70% metanol dan n-heksana. Sampel tersebut juga menunjukkan kandungan fenolik yang
tinggi iaitu sebanyak 46.40 ± 1.95 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Korelasi negatif
antara TPC dengan nilai IC50 DPPH dan anti-hiperglisemik menunjukkan
sebatian fenolik bertanggungjawab terhadap aktiviti antioksidan dan
anti-hiperglisemik. Sebanyak 13 sebatian
bioaktif termasuk kaemferol, kuersetin-3-O-glikosida dan kuersetin telah
dikenal pasti melalui analisis LC-MS. Berdasarkan
kepada kajian, etil asetat adalah
pelarut yang paling baik untuk melarutkan sebatian aktif pada daun A. muricata berbanding dengan 70% metanol dan n-heksana. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan keupayaan daun A. muricata untuk dibangunkan sebagai
makanan fungsian atau ubat-ubatan bagi mencegah atau mengubati diabetes dan
mengawal obesiti.
Kata
kunci: Annona muricata; anti-lipase; fenolik; makanan fungsian
Abstract
Annona muricata or Soursop is a plant that belongs to the
family Annonaceae and used as traditional medicine to
treat many diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and malaria. Medicinal plants
contain bioactive compounds in polar and non-polar form. The use of suitable
solvent in extraction is important to extract the desired bioactive compounds
and it also influences the biological activities of the extract. Therefore,
this study is carried out to determine the effect of solvent polarity (70%
methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) on antioxidant, anti-hyperglycaemic and
anti-obesity activities. Besides, the bioactive compounds that contribute to
the biological activities are identified using liquid chromatography - mass
spectrometer (LC-MS). The phenolic content of A. muricata leave extracts is determined
in this study using total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant activity is
determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay while the anti-hyperglycaemic
and anti-lipase activities were conducted by α-glucosidase and
pancreatic lipase inhibition assays, respectively. Samples extracted with ethyl
acetate showed the significantly lowest IC50 for antioxidant
activity (35.31 ± 2.74 µg/mL), anti-hyperglycaemic activity (32.11 ± 4.62
µg/mL) and anti-lipase assay (215.92 ± 13.25 µg/mL). The same extract also
exhibited high phenolic content (46.40 ± 1.95 mg GAE/g extracts). The negative
correlation between TPC and DPPH and anti-hyperglycaemic activity showed that
the phenolic compounds may be responsible for the antioxidant and
anti-hyperglycaemic activities. In total, 13
bioactive compounds including kaemferol,
quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin were identified using LC-MS. This study
showed that ethyl acetate is the best solvent to dissolve the active compounds
in A. muricata leave extracts. This study also showed that A. muricata leave has the potential to become
functional food or natural medicine to prevent or cure diabetes and used in the
management of obesity.
Keywords: Annona muricata; anti-lipase;
functional food; phenolic
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
hafeedzarahman@ukm.edu.my
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